FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM IN ENDURANCE ATHLETES
Keywords:
Cardiovascular system, endurance, eccentric myocardial hypertrophy, angiogenesis, mitochondrial density, cardiac pump function, heart rate variability, energy metabolism, athlete's heart, training risks, adaptation, physiological changes.Abstract
The article is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of functional changes in the cardiovascular system in endurance athletes. The mechanisms of adaptation of the heart and blood vessels to physical activity, such as eccentric myocardial hypertrophy, angiogenesis, increased mitochondrial density, and improved cardiac pumping function, are considered. The role of neural regulation, autonomic adaptation, and energy metabolism in maintaining high performance is emphasized. Potential risks associated with intense endurance exercise and their long-term health consequences are also discussed.
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