Intent Research Scientific Journal- (IRSJ) is an open-access peer-reviewed journal publishing original peer-reviewed articles in relation to education, humanities, social science, and technology professionals. While it is based in the Philippines, it draws from academic authors beyond its borders (Asian and African Countries) who have an established track record in their field. The Intent Research Scientific Journal- (IRSJ) is published by Intent Research Publishing Inc. and will be made freely accessible online immediately upon publication without subscription charges. The journal publishes original research, review papers, essays, reports, and articles. The Intent Research Scientific Journal- (IRSJ) follows the Anonymous Peer Review process to ensure the quality of the papers. The received manuscripts undergo a plagiarism check, grammar check, and spell check before processing for peer review. Aim and Scope The Intent Research Scientific Journal- (IRSJ) is an open-access journal that publishes original research in multidisciplinary areas of study and is run by Intent Research Publishing Inc. The aim of the Publisher is to Provide the platform for publication. Circulation, learning, and sharing the research across the world. Adopting and enhancing the ethical practices of scholarly publishing. Providing open access to the published research content. Enhancing the content visibility using indexing and abstracting the published research Practicing the open-access publishing procedure and quality enhancement. The scope of the Intent Research Scientific Journal is the following areas of study and allied fields: Humanities and Social Sciences Educational Advancements and Practices Pedagogical Sciences Engineering and Technological Advancements Agriculture and Biological Sciences Publication Frequency: Monthly (12 Issues Per Year) Review Process: Anonymous Peer Review ISSN (Online): 2980-4612 Accepted Languages: English (Note if the original article is not in English then authors are requested to translate the Title, Author names, author affiliations, Abstract, and keywords to English) SJIF 2024: 6.679 JIF 2024: 8.325
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WAYS TO INCREASE INVESTMENT ATTRACTIVENESS AS A FACTOR OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF UZBEKISTAN
The article assesses the factors contributing to increasing investment attractiveness and creating a favorable investment climate in the regions of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
Investment, investment environment, investment attractiveness, investment climate, strategy, foreign investment, risks, favorable regime.
Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PARALLEL THINKING AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH MENTAL MOTIVATION IN ARABIC LITERATURE AMONG FIRST-GRADE TEACHER STUDENTS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF INSTRUCTORS AND STUDENTS
The study aims to:1. Identify parallel thinking and its relationship with mental motivation in Arabic literature among first-grade teacher students from the perspective of instructors and students.2. Identifying the correlational relationship between concurrent thinking and mental motivation among students of the Faculty of Basic Education.
Concurrent Thinking – Mental Motivation – Literature Material
HYDRODYNAMIC METHODOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS FOR IDENTIFYING DEFORMATION PROCESSES IN THE INFLOW CHANNEL OF THE OQTEPA RESERVOIR
This article provides a theoretical analysis of the hydrodynamic methodological principles for identifying deformation processes occurring in the inlet channel of the Oktepa Reservoir. A hydrodynamic modeling approach is proposed based on the interaction between flow velocity, pressure distribution, and soil structure. The model evaluates soil shear potential through variations in flow velocity and pressure gradient. The research results make it possible to predict hazardous hydraulic conditions leading to deformation in the reservoir’s inlet zone. The proposed methodological approach has significant practical importance for ensuring the operational safety of hydraulic structures.
reservoir, inlet channel, deformation process, hydrodynamic model, soil stability, flow velocity.
STRATEGIES FOR SMALL BUSINESSES IN THE UZBEKISTAN TEXTILE INDUSTRY TO ENTER THE GLOBAL MARKET
The textile industry is one of the important sectors in the economy of Uzbekistan, playing an important role in the sustainable growth of the country's export potential. In recent years, state programs and strategies to support the entry of small businesses into international markets have been consistently implemented. This article analyzes the mechanisms for small businesses to enter global competition in the textile sector of Uzbekistan, the dynamics of export indicators, and existing problems. During the study, based on statistical data, the factors of economic growth, the impact of innovative management on export activities are highlighted, and scientific recommendations are given on effective strategic directions.
Textile industry, small business, export potential, world market, innovative strategies, international integration, economy of Uzbekistan, export policy, sustainable development.
THE IMAGE OF WINE IN THE POETRY OF ALI BIN GAZL AL-MASHAD (656 AH)
Wine poetry flourished during the Mamluk era, much like in earlier periods. Poets, including Al-Mushid, paid attention to its type, taste, aroma, color, and vessels, imbuing it with their consciousness, creativity, and genius. Wine, for Al-Mushid in particular and for Mamluk-era poets in general, was a source of poets' ecstasy and a stimulus for their emotions; consequently, their poetic texts are filled with references to it, rich in depictions of its qualities and the comfort and tranquility it brings to the soul. It is considered the temperament of the mind and a solace for the melancholic. They approached it eagerly and passionately, described its effects and those of its drinkers, and encouraged drinking it morning and evening, emphasizing the greatness and beauty of the act, and the loss of happiness for those who abstain.
Assistant Professor Dr. Ali Sahib Issa (PHD)
THE SUBORDINATION OF THE OBLIGATORY SIGN OF CONFORMITY IN THE FALL
Obligatory semantics is a branch of conformist semantics, because it depends mainly on the literal or conformist meaning of sentences. Conformist semantics refers to the direct and clear meaning of words as they appear in linguistic dictionaries.
Conformity, obligatory meaning, dependency, lapse.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF WENNING'S INVESTIGATIVE MODEL IN THE ACHIEVEMENT OF PREPARATORY STAGE STUDENTS AND THEIR CONCEPTUAL THINKING
The research aims to identify the effectiveness of Wenning's investigative model in the achievement of preparatory stage students and their conceptual thinking, an experimental design with two experimental and control groups was chosen, using a post-test achievement test and a conceptual thinking scale, to achieve the research objective, a purposive sample of 60 students was selected and divided into two research groups, with 30 students in the experimental group and 30 students in the control group. The students in the two research groups were matched according to the following variables: (age calculated in months, intelligence test, previous achievement in chemistry, conceptual thinking scale) in the first semester of the academic year (2024-2025), the researcher determined the subject matter to be studied during the experiment, which consisted of the first four chapters of the fifth-grade science chemistry textbook. The researcher formulated the behavioral objectives for the topics to be studied, which amounted to 180 behavioral objectives according to Bloom's levels (remembering, understanding, applying, analyzing, synthesizing, evaluation), the researcher (48) prepared a daily plan for teaching the two research groups and presented a sample of it to a group of arbitrators to determine its validity and suitability for fifth-grade science students, to achieve the research objective, the researcher prepared the research tools, an achievement test consisting of 35 objective questions with four alternatives, and a conceptual thinking scale consisting of 56 questions, the apparent validity of these tools was extracted by presenting them to a group of arbitrators in education and science teaching methods, the content validity was also extracted in light of the test's conformity with the content studied, the discrimination power, difficulty coefficient, and effectiveness of the wrong alternatives for each item of the test and scale were calculated using using the Kuder-Richardson 20 equation and the Cronbach's alpha coefficient scale, after analyzing the results statistically using the t-test for two independent samples (for the achievement test and the conceptual thinking scale), the results showed that the experimental group studied using the Wenning investigative model outperformed the control group studied using the traditional method in the achievement test and the conceptual thinking scale. appropriate statistical methods. The stability was extracted
Wenning Investigative, Achievement, Fifth-Grade Science Students, Chemistry, Conceptual Thinking
Researcher: M. M. Dheyaa Hayder Jabbar Zair Al Khafaji
VISUAL THINKING SKILLS OF FIRST-GRADE INTERMEDIATE STUDENTS IN MATHEMATICS
This study aims to identify the visual thinking skills of first-year middle school students in mathematics. The researcher adopted a descriptive approach due to its suitability for the study's objectives. A research tool, a visual thinking skills test, was pre pared, the test consisted of 25 multiple-choice questions with four alternatives distributed across the four visual thinking skills, which are: (the skill of reading visual shapes, the skill of analyzing visual shapes, the skill of interpreting information on visual shapes, and the skill of inferring meaning from visual shapes). The validity and reliability of the tool were verified. Once it was ready for use, the visual thinking skills test was administered to the research sample (first-year middle school students) at Al-Shayma Girls' Secondary School and Abu Tarab Boys' Secondary School, both affiliated with the Maysan Governorate Education Department. After conducting the appropriate statistical analyses, the researcher concluded that first-year middle school students possess high-level visual thinking skills in mathematics. In light of the study's results, the researcher made a number of recommendations and suggestions.
Visual Thinking skills, First-grade, Mathematics
GREEN FINANCE AS A MECHANISM OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Green finance is an effective financial mechanism that promotes efforts to combat environmental pollution and supports the green transformation of the economy. This article analyzes the impact of green financing on economic development and the funding of environmentally sustainable projects. It also presents perspectives on how the development of green finance can contribute to expanding the investment activity of enterprises.
Green finance, economic development, green financing, green.
YOUTH, INNOVATION, AND SPIRITUALITY: THE PILLARS OF UZBEKISTAN'S THIRD RENAISSANCE
This article explores the central role of youth, innovation, and spiritual heritage in shaping Uzbekistan's modern development strategy known as the Third Renaissance. It reflects the intrinsic connection between historical legacy and contemporary progress, emphasizing the nation's collective aspiration to build a prosperous and enlightened future.
renaissance, reform, new development, people, prosperity, perspective, great future.
FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT STRATEGIES IN TEACHING ENGLISH TO STUDENTS OF TECHNICAL SPECIALTIES
This article explores the features of implementing formative assessment in the teaching of English to students in technical universities. It analyzes key strategies that support the development of both linguistic and professional competencies, including self-assessment, peer assessment, feedback, and reflection. Practical examples of formative assessment in a technical higher education setting are provided. The paper emphasizes the importance of assessment as a tool for motivation and academic performance enhancement.
Formative assessment, technical university, English language, students, professional competence, feedback, motivation.
GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ENGLISH COMEDY AND THE INFLUENCE OF THE GENRE THROUGH THE WORKS OF SHERIDAN
This article explores the genre of English comedy, focusing on its historical development, key artistic features, and its impact on theatrical and literary tradition. Particular attention is given to the works of Richard Brinsley Sheridan, one of the most prominent representatives of 18th-century English comedic drama. His plays are analyzed as examples of typical traits of English comedy, such as satirical orientation, witty dialogue, social critique, and a gallery of recognizable character types. The article concludes by emphasizing the significance of comedy as a powerful medium for reflecting social realities through art.
English comedy, Sheridan, drama, satire, theatre, social critique, character.
USING DIGITAL TOOLS (CHATGPT, QUIZZIZ, KAHOOT) IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING
This article explores the use of modern digital tools such as ChatGPT, Quizziz, and Kahoot in the process of teaching English. The author examines the features and benefits of integrating these technologies into the educational environment, analyzes their impact on student motivation and academic performance, and offers recommendations for their effective implementation.
Digital tools, English language, ChatGPT, Quizziz, Kahoot, motivation, interactive learning.
LINGUISTIC FACTORS SHAPING THE CONCEPTUAL SPACE OF NATION AND PERSONALITY IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK LANGUAGES
This article examines the linguistic means that shape the conceptual space of the notions of "nation" and "personality" in English and Uzbek. It analyzes key lexical, phraseological, and grammatical units that reflect national and cultural values, stereotypes, and worldviews. Special attention is paid to the comparative analysis of linguistic imagery, concepts, and nomination strategies. Examples are drawn from literary, journalistic, and colloquial texts. The article concludes that cultural differences significantly influence how national and individual identity is conceptualized.
Concept, cultural linguistics, personality, nation, English language, Uzbek language, values, identity
FINANCING ECOLOGICAL PROJECTS WITHIN THE GREEN ECONOMY: MECHANISMS, CHALLENGES, AND OPPORTUNITIES
The transition to a green economy requires substantial investments in ecological projects that address climate change, biodiversity loss, and resource depletion. Financing these projects has become a critical component of global efforts to achieve sustainability. This article explores various financial mechanisms used to fund ecological initiatives, including green bonds, green loans, impact investing, and public-private partnerships. It also examines the challenges and risks associated with financing ecological projects, such as high upfront costs, regulatory uncertainty, and long payback periods. Furthermore, the article discusses innovative financing models and how they can help drive large-scale environmental solutions. By providing a comprehensive review of the current landscape, this paper aims to provide valuable insights into how financing can support the transition toward a green economy.
Green economy, financing mechanisms, Uzbekistan, sustainable development, renewable energy, green bonds, international development assistance, public-private partnerships, climate finance
ANALYSIS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL BUSINESS AND PRIVATE ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN UZBEKISTAN
Analysis of the development of small business and private entrepreneurship in Uzbekistan At the current stage of economic development, small business and private entrepreneurship in our country are considered one of the main factors of economic growth, and the main goal of the ongoing economic reforms is to rapidly develop sectors and industries of the economy by creating a favorable environment for private entrepreneurship. In our country, the change in the share of small business in the main macroeconomic indicators for 2011-2021 has certain fluctuations, and these fluctuations can be explained by the content and essence of the reforms implemented at the national level. In particular, it can be observed that during 2011-2018, all macroeconomic indicators of small business activity, including the volume of gross domestic product, the volume of industrial output, the volume of construction work, the level of employment, and the share in the volume of exports and imports, have been steadily growing. In particular, it is evident that the share of small businesses in GDP increased significantly during this period from 61.9% in 2011 to 62.4% in 2018, as well as in other indicators. Since 2019, the share of small business activity in these indicators has been decreasing according to a clear pattern.
As the new Uzbekistan develops rapidly, the income of the population plays an important role. At the heart of the reforms being implemented in our republic, it is an important task to create favorable conditions for representatives of the small business sector, support them socially and economically, provide them with comprehensive assistance, and create new jobs through business people engaged in entrepreneurship. The Resolution of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. PQ-347 dated 04.10.2024 “On measures to improve and increase efficiency of state policy in the field of poverty reduction and employment” provides for the development of human resources, reform of the labor market, improvement of the quality of state services provided in the field of poverty reduction through the introduction of modern forms of employment, and the widespread introduction of decent labor relations based on international standards. In accordance with the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. PF-143 dated September 23, 2024 “On bringing measures to reduce poverty and improve the well-being of the population to a new stage”, the “From Poverty to Prosperity” program was adopted and the Ministry of Poverty Reduction and Employment was entrusted with the task of organizing the implementation of this program. With a view to introducing an integrated system for organizing the implementation of the “From Poverty to Prosperity” program, the following were determined as the main areas of activity of the Ministry of Poverty Reduction and Employment.
IN UZBEKISTAN SMALL ENTREPRENEURSHIP OF ACTIVITY DEVELOPMENT CHARACTERISTICS
As is known , the past from the 90s of the century starting to independence achieved Uzbekistan In the Republic also modern economic system – market economy be shaped started . This for in the country new of the mechanism tie the knot giving private property relations , entrepreneurship and exist by determining the competitive environment social and re -improvement of economic sectors , one side by side in the place of the developed " majrukh " and "dependent" economy country internal market import position for production system of printing products expansion , as well as the introduction of production of export- competitive products verb to the likes of important profession to achieve is enough The legacy of the former administrative-command system The economy of independent Uzbekistan , due to its many bitter consequences, is unable to fully meet the requirements of the new mechanism. give inability with is described . Due to this , the realization of the above goal takes a lot of time verb with together of the state financial and investment activity is low was one in the circumstances many financial it is natural that it also requires resources .
SOCIO-ECONOMIC BASES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL BUSINESS ACTIVITY IN UZBEKISTAN
Market of relations development work of release market requirements within the framework organization to be and various networks mutual proportional in touch to be related q . Market rules to the specialization of production take come , various property to the forms based household driver of subjects consumers on demand based on the economic activity to oneself to the formation of specific aspects take It comes . process economy level and free economic activity for created to conditions suitable in a way changed goes . Pass structure in the economy during the period changes different in production specialties according to organ to strengthen the connectedness , national market for goods production and services focuses on rationalizing the display . In this, one on the other hand , belongs to the state production enterprises state disposal and different through privatization property to the forms based household driver subjects development of production at the expense of formation in sight if caught , the second on the other hand , the policy of localization of production consistent small by keeping economic ground for entrepreneurship development will be created .
EVIDENCE FOR PRAYER TIMES IN THE NOBLE QURAN AND SUNNAH (A STATISTICAL - ANALYTICAL STUDY)
The term "prayer" appears in the Holy Qur'an approximately 67 times, while its derivatives are referenced around 31 times. This devotional responsibility, regarded as a fundamental pillar of Islamic law, is contingent upon acceptance, even before to any other considerations, regardless of what one may observe. Neither what both. Prayer is obligatory under all circumstances, with no justification for its omission during presence or travel, in peace or conflict, in health or illness. This ensures that the slave maintains a perpetual, idolising relationship, devoid of comprehension, continually extolling and venerating the idol. In prayer, the aim is to preserve the idol, acknowledge its sovereignty, and submit through confession and requests for absolution from sins, as well as for an enhancement in both piety and worldly affairs.
Semantics, Prayer times, Holy Quran, Sunnah of the Prophet .
E-COMMERCE INFRASTRUCTURE: PLATFORMS, PAYMENT SYSTEMS & LOGISTICS
This article extensively covers the three main components of e-commerce infrastructure – trading platforms, payment systems, and logistics from an academic perspective. First of all, the technological architecture of platforms and their place in the market ecosystem, through which the integration of digital communities and third-party developers are discussed. Then, the integration of online and mobile payment mechanisms with security, convenience, and regulatory environment is analyzed, followed by a review of the importance of supply chain and omnichannel logistics models, and ways to ensure the overall sustainability and efficiency of the infrastructure are proposed. The article focuses on the relationship between theoretical and applied research.
E-commerce, infrastructure, platform, logistics, innovative technology, payment systems, transactions.
USE OF MENTAL MAP IN FORMATION OF CLINICAL THINKING OF STUDENTS
This article is devoted to the role and importance of mental maps in the development of clinical thinking of students. Clinical reasoning is a complex cognitive process that includes critical skills such as diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment strategy development, and decision making. Mental maps can be an effective tool in shaping students' clinical thinking by organizing information, identifying problems, and making connections between them. The article analyzes the theoretical basis of mental maps, the methods and advantages of their use in clinical education, as well as the existing limitations.
Clinical thinking, mental map, cognitive process, systematization, differential diagnosis, educational strategy.
MODERN APPROACHES TO TEACHING GERMAN AND GERMAN LANGUAGE METHODOLOGY IN UZBEKISTAN
This article analyzes the state of teaching German in the Republic of Uzbekistan, existing opportunities, methodological approaches and reforms being implemented based on foreign experience. The effectiveness of communicative and interactive methods in language teaching, the role of educational resources based on CEFR standards, as well as the level of teacher qualification and the supply of textbooks are widely considered. The article identifies the main problems encountered in teaching German and puts forward practical proposals aimed at eliminating them. The article aims to highlight the possibilities of language learning based on foreign language teaching methodology, international cooperation and digital technologies.
German, foreign language teaching, communicative method, CLIL, CEFR, Uzbekistan, teaching methodology, teacher qualification, modern pedagogy, digital education
THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS AND ANALYSIS OF REAL ESTATE VALUATION METHODS
This article examines the significance of real estate appraisal activities in our country under market economy conditions and investigates the main methods of valuation. The primary approaches to improving the process and methods of real estate appraisal have been identified. The theoretical foundations of appraisal activities and their practical application have been studied.
Real estate market, real estate valuation, real estate objects, income approach, comparative approach, market approach, economic assessment of real estate, legal foundations of property valuation, property rights.
Saidrasulkhojayev Saidakbarkhoja Bakhodir ogli
FOREIGN EXPERIENCE IN INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT IN CONSTRUCTION ENTERPRISES AND WAYS OF ITS APPLICATION IN OUR COUNTRY
This article analyzes the effective investment management practices in construction companies of developed countries such as the USA, Germany, and Japan. Foreign experience highlights the importance of project selection, risk management, efficiency evaluation, and the use of information technologies. Based on this analysis, the paper proposes priority directions and practical recommendations for applying international investment management practices in Uzbekistan’s construction sector.
Investment management, construction company, foreign experience, investment project, efficiency, risk.
This article describes and highlights the organization and specific aspects of the internal audit of commercial banks based on the requirements of international auditing standards, including the features of the application of international standards in bank internal audit, the specific aspects of the process of auditing the financial statements of commercial banks, the organization of internal audit, and the specific aspects of conducting an audit.
AXS, risk, internal audit service, plan, internal audit program, audit result, internal audit report, internal audit recommendations.
Copyright (c) 2025 Abdukhalimova Marjona Khikmatovna https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
JUSTIFICATION FOR THE PLACEMENT OF THE WORKING BODIES OF THE PLOUGH FOR PLOWING ON THE SLOPES
The article examines the direction of rotation of layers along the slope and the placement of working bodies on the plow when plowing slope fields. Diagrams of the rotation of layers on a slope and the location of the working bodies on the plow are presented and the results of one-factor experiments using strain gauge methods are presented, a diagram of the inclination of the palace up and down the slope, and also a diagram of the change in the angle of the unsteady position of the blade depending on the steepness of the slope, the relative position of the body, ripper and spherical disc.
Spherical disk, slope field, soil, plow, body, ripper, ridges, parameters, mechanism, plowing height and depth, steepness.
DETERMINING SOIL DEFORMATION ZONES AND PLACING THE LOOSENING SHAWLS ON THE CULTIVATOR FRAME
Targeted scientific research is being conducted around the world to create resource-saving technologies for preparing fields for sowing before sowing seeds of agricultural crops and new models of technical means for their implementation, to develop scientific and technical foundations for improving existing ones, and to ensure resource efficiency in the work process. Development of agrotechnical demonstrators of existing chisel cultivators and the development of material and energy efficiency savings methods and, in this regard, the development of a construction scheme for chisel cultivation
chisel cultivators, zone, soil, deformation, draw
CONSTRUCTION OF STRUCTURAL AND KINEMATIC SYSTEM OF MANIPULATORS
This article examines the construction of structural and kinematic schemes of manipulators. The application of manipulators in industry, medicine, aviation, the military sector, and scientific research is analyzed. The main structural components of manipulators, degrees of freedom, and types of kinematic chains are discussed. Structural schemes describe the mechanical design of manipulators, while kinematic schemes help to understand their movement principles and optimize their performance.
Manipulator, structural scheme, kinematic scheme, degrees of freedom, industrial robots, mechanical systems, automation, robotics.
The quality of soil cultivation with traditional plows does not meet agrotechnical requirements. The goal of the research is to develop a plow for smooth, furrowless plowing. A plow for smooth plowing is proposed, which contains double screw bodies, pushers of the first row, rear screw right- and left-turning plow bodies, pushers of the second row. An experimental model of a plow for smooth plowing was manufactured. The results of field tests of the developed plow are presented. It has been established that the quality indicators of the plow fully comply with agrotechnical requirements. At the same time, the degree of reduction in fuel consumption compared to the existing plow is 21.26%.
technology, traditional plowing, layer, plow, open furrow, smooth furrowless plowing, body, double body.